Life expectancy is generally much higher in HICs. For example, multinational corporations may invest in urban areas to take advantage of cheaper labor, leading to increased urbanization in those areas. An example of a city in the Sun Belt is Phoenix, Arizona. Physical causes of uneven development include climate, natural resource curse theory, and being landlocked. People usually migrate because of push and pull factors. What are the effects of uneven development? B) Describe two social or cultural consequences of population growth, providing an example of each. What are some of the challenges to closing the development gap? Uneven development describes the way development differs across the world, and takes place at different speeds. 3) Control stage - Management now gains control over the technology's resources by implementing formal control processes and standards that stifle almost all new projects. Uneven development describes how development is different across the world. Uneven development can result in large health disparities. 2) Contagion stage - This is a period of rapid and uncontrolled growth in the number and variety of applications of the particular technology. core and periphery Human geography - Wikipedia Renewable energy refers to energy sources that are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, water, and geothermal heat. Post-Fordist production is a term used to describe the shift away from mass production and towards more flexible, customized, and knowledge-intensive forms of production. Achieve universal primary education. This can be visible in Mumbai, where the super-rich and those who reside in slums live nearby each other. There is often a huge gap between the very wealthy and the very poor, both in HICs and LICs. (NICs). Of these countries, only Vietnam does not qualify as a country in the semi-periphery. It is considered to be in the periphery due to its low standard of living. People may be pulled to a HIC country, as there are more economic or educational opportunities. asituation whereby a nations economic structure is altered by a change in the political system, afunction of economic change whereby one nations economy flourishes at the expense of another nations economy, asituation whereby a nations political structure is altered by the changing nature of the economy, afunction of economic change whereby one region's economy flourishes at the expense of another regions economy. - Added later to the model. 4) Drive to maturity - New ideas and technology improve and replace older industries, economic growth spreads throughout the country. Answer: Globalization has had a significant impact on state sovereignty by promoting greater economic and political interdependence among states. The effectiveness of such programs may depend on factors such as the availability of resources, the level of community involvement, and the political climate surrounding migration. The consequences of uneven development can be observed clearly by. The development process takes place at different speeds. Industrialization. (G) For a multinational state facing the realities of devolution, explain why a government would choose to create an autonomous region or choose to maintain a unitary state. Deindustrialization is the process of a region or country losing its industrial base and shifting towards a service-based economy. The dynamic nature of the uneven development process is most pronounced at the urban scale at which capital is most mobile, resulting in, for example, the rapid gentrification (upgrading through the attraction of investment and new middle-class residents) of previously declining inner-city areas. Answer: A lack of access to resources, such as clean water, can impact the quality of life as it can lead to health problems and reduced productivity. Command economy: A command economy, also known as a planned economy, is one in which the government controls the production and distribution of goods and services. Core and Periphery, Two Types That Make the World of the users don't pass the Uneven Development quiz! US - only 2% of workers are in agriculture. How does climate affect uneven development? This can occur due to a variety of factors, including technological change, globalization, and shifts in consumer demand. Answer: Policies or programs designed to address the challenges of political geography can include efforts to promote democratic governance, reduce corruption, and increase transparency in government. (B) Explain the difference between a nation and a state. What demographic equation is used to determine natural increase? Some popular destinations for ecotourism include: National parks and protected areas: These are protected areas of land and sea that are managed to conserve their natural beauty, biodiversity, and cultural values. a country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development, a country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development. Examples include the Great Wall of China, the Pyramids of Giza in Egypt, and the Mayan ruins in Mexico. Answer: Assimilation refers to the process by which migrants adopt the cultural norms and values of their new communities. AP Human Geography 320 resources . Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. Answer: Two social or cultural consequences of migration include increased cultural diversity and potential social tensions. Listen to the first 1 minute of the video below. Investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country. Quality of life is the level of access to things like health, comfort/leisure and feelings of safety. Wildlife watching: This type of ecotourism involves observing and photographing wildlife in their natural habitat. Example: Where the US in this growth model, An economic theory that estimates the amount of adjustment needed on the exchange rate between countries in order for the exchange to be equivalent to each currency's purchasing power. The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. Development is the improvement of the standard of living of a population. *Schemes are appropriate and sustainable long-term. C) Describe two economic consequences of migration, providing an example of each. This reduces the number of educated people in the home country. D) Explain the concept of transnationalism and describe one way in which transnationalism can impact the lives of migrants and the communities they leave and join. The monetary worth of what is produced within a country plus income received from investments outside the country. B) Describe two social consequences of urbanization, providing an example of each. Standards of living. What are some strategies that can help to close the development gap? a measure of how many units of currency are needed in one country to buy the amount of goods and services that one unit of currency will buy in another country. Hydroelectric energy: This type of energy is generated using the movement of water to turn turbines and generate electricity. The Core-Periphery Model is used by geographers to describe the division of the world into three segments. NFL player, accountant, banking. The SDGs are intended to be integrated and indivisible, meaning that they are interconnected and cannot be achieved in isolation. Educational benefits: Ecotourism can provide opportunities for visitors to learn about the environment and local cultures, and can promote environmental and cultural awareness and appreciation. The schemes are usually led by the local people themselves. Answer: Two environmental consequences of urbanization are increased air pollution and loss of biodiversity. The next AP Human Geography test will be held on Tuesday, May 4, 2023, at 8:00 AM. Sustainable Development Goals The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015 to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure peace and prosperity for all. Materials that other things are made from. Example: Loans to countries in Sub Saharan Africa, Works to reduce barriers to international trade. Example: USA, The percentage of a country's people who can read and write. Answer: One example of a policy designed to address the challenges of migration is refugee resettlement programs, which provide support and resources to refugees who have been forced to flee their homes. One example of a policy designed to promote sustainable development in the face of population growth is the implementation of renewable energy sources, such as wind or solar power, which can reduce reliance on non-renewable resources and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. Example: Help keep trade between Mexico and the US. Having a coastline can mean that countries have good access to sea trade routes, as well as direct industries, such as fishing, which can improve economic growth. (G) Analyze the effectiveness of one policy or program designed to address the challenges of political geography. a. d.f. Industrialization consumer goods more affordable and available, Railroads increased circulation of goods, people, and ideas, Demand for raw materials increased, new sources acquired by steamship, Women gained economic power with opportunities in factories, Countries develop with more trade and more knowledge of economics, Development should be sustainable to prevent depletion of limited natural resources. energy replaced continually within a human lifespan, has an essentially unlimited supply and is not depleted when used by people. An example of a historical push factor is the Irish potato famine, which led many Irish people to emigrate to other countries. Economic gains can then vary, and economic growth is therefore relatively unreliable. Refugees are people who are forced to leave their homes, often because it is unsafe to stay. Use ordinary interest at exact time to solve. The second most expensive house in the world (after Buckingham Palace) is placed directly next to one of Mumbai's slums. We can also look at development on a scale. Colonialism has occurred intensely throughout history. The effectiveness of such programs may depend on factors such as community involvement, funding, and support from government and educational institutions. Answer: A nation refers to a group of people who share a common culture, history, and identity, while a state is a political entity with defined territorial boundaries and a permanent population. Promote gender equality and empower women. There are many factors which lead to, and have led to, the world being unevenly developed. 2. For example, the presence of migrant communities can lead to greater cultural exchange and diversity, but it can also lead to tensions around issues such as language or religion. 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. Additionally, as families become smaller due to access to birth control, family structures may become more nuclear and less extended. If these countries are also in debt, the situation will only worsen, as they will be in a constant cycle of owing money. Refer to the information in the first quick study of this chapter and assume the periodic inventory system is used. Mixed economy: A mixed economy is a hybrid system that combines elements of both market and command economies. One example of a policy designed to promote sustainable development in the face of population growth is the implementation of renewable energy sources, such as wind or solar power, which can. The back-wash effect can be best described as __________. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015 to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure peace and prosperity for all. For example, the use of certain words or phrases can signal membership in a particular group and reinforce cultural ties. Anything not within this line shows the LDCs of the world. Uneven Development: Definition & Causes | StudySmarter Alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union organizing, and comply with minimum environmental and safety standards. Development & Gender - Ms. Silvius's AP Human Geography Check out the video below whichshows how countries are pulling themselves out of poverty. PDF AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY 2007 SCORING GUIDELINES - College Board Answer: An example of a boundary dispute is the dispute between India and Pakistan over the territory of Kashmir. Development gaps also exist within countries (uneven development) between rich and poor. the process in which the interaction of social and economic factors causes the development of industries on a wide scale. Countries that have a colonial history have lower development levels today. Example: Canada. While a nation and a state can overlap, they are not synonymous. Coffee beans (the raw material) turn into coffee (the tradable product). Required: 1. The second sentence says that the people that buy these goods, also known as consumers, buy goods/services that they need and want. (C) Explain how communication technology plays an important role in the goals of devolutionary groups and democracy movements. Six AP Human Geography No Stimulus Exam-Style FRQs Example: basic activities- (LDCs) Mining, fishing, farming, logging, forestry, Economic Sector (Manufacturing). Other examples of cities in the Sun Belt include Tampa, Florida; Dallas, Texas; and Las Vegas, Nevada. Example: factory worker or refiner, Economic Sector (Services). We measure development in Geography by using development indicators. transport network, money from farming, power supplies, communications For example, as populations grow, more water may be used for irrigation, leading to increased depletion of water resources. AP Human Geography - 1 Name_____ Rubenstein's The Cultural Landscape Chapter 1: Thinking Geographically Introduction to Note Packets Reading the textbook and taking notes while reading are NECESSARY steps in processing and . 5) Maturity stage Maturity - Perfection? At December 31, 2015, the book value of the building was$30 million and its tax basis was $20 million. G) Explain the concept of a sustainable city and identify two features of a city that would make it more sustainable. The images show examples of agricultural technology developed during different time periods. (A) Define the concept of the multinational state. The deliberate killing of a place through industrial expansion and change, so that its earlier landscape and character are destroyed. Market economy: A market economy is one in which the production and distribution of goods and services are determined by the laws of supply and demand in a free market. Raw materials are often made into more expensive goods or products in HICs, therefore boosting these economies instead, whilst LICs have to import these expensive goods, so economic growth remains low. Answer: Resource distribution refers to the way in which resources are allocated and accessed in a society. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. Natural disasters lcan cause deaths, and are expensive to recover from infrastructurally. Here are some examples of countries that are often classified as LDCs: Afghanistan Bangladesh Burkina Faso Cambodia Ethiopia Haiti Malawi Nepal Sierra Leone Tajikistan Here are some examples of countries that are often classified as MDCs: Australia Canada Japan Germany United States France United Kingdom South Korea Switzerland Sweden Enter the data here into the, Italy suffers from a regional divide - check out this article from, Purchasing Power Parity made easy with Burgernomics. The map above shows Brazil's regional Human Development Index. Answer: A sustainable city is a city that is designed to meet the needs of its residents while also protecting the environment and conserving resources for future generations. G) Analyze the effectiveness of one policy or program designed to address the challenges of population growth and its consequences. PDF Key Issue #1 - Why is Geography a Science? With a poor economy, there is reduced investment into vital sectors such as healthcare or education, resulting in a depleted workforce (sickness or unskilled workforce), and therefore less money goes into the economy. Answer: One example of a policy designed to address resource distribution challenges is revenue sharing, where revenue from the extraction and sale of natural resources is shared between the government and local communities. True or false: life expectancy is often higher in LICs. For example, as populations grow, more people may move to urban areas, leading to increased social isolation and changes in community dynamics. (A) Explain the difference between a dialect and a language. Environmental determinists believe that ecological, climatic, and geographical factors alone are responsible for human cultures and individual decisions . The Sun Belt is a region of the United States that includes the southeastern and southwestern states and is known for its warm climate and rapid population and economic growth. (C) Explain the concept of language convergence and describe one example of a language that has experienced convergence. How close is the ttt-value to the corresponding zzz-value (at the bottom of the column for d.f. Economic policies imposed on less developed countries by international agencies to create conditions encouraging international trade. 5) Age of mass consumption - People have more wealth and so buy services and goods (consumer society), welfare systems are fully developed, trade expands, 1). 2: Antilia Tower (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mumbai_03-2016_19_Antilia_Tower.jpg) by A. Savin (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:A.Savin) Liense type: Free Art License (http://artlibre.org/licence/lal/en/). f .=100,95d.f.=100,95 percent confidence. 438 0 obj <> endobj Examples include the Maasai Mara in Kenya, the Amazon rainforest in South America, and the Borneo rainforest in Malaysia. Colonialism refers to the control of countries by another country. There are several types of economies, including: So an economy is basically people that buy things from the people that make things. The access to health, or the amount of comfort/leisure and feelings of safety. The effects of suburbanization are declining central city use, uneven development, declining park space, and pollution as suburban and urban sprawl both continue. For example, the Kurdish people are a nation that is spread across several different states, while the United Kingdom is a state made up of several different nations. Many of these resources are used for energy production or are the base materials in manufacturing. Phoenix has experienced rapid population growth in recent decades due to its warm climate and affordable housing, and has also attracted businesses due to its low labor and operating costs. There are stark differences between HICs and LICs. Is areas that provide the majority of the resources for the industrial core. They have significant economic power and influence and are often accused of exploiting developing countries and undermining local businesses and cultures. It also references that an economy affects the supply and demand for goods and services. C) Explain two economic consequences of urbanization, providing an example of each. Removing large debts that have built up over time. 1) Initiation stage - The technology is introduced in the organization. The goal of JIT is to reduce waste, improve efficiency, and lower costs by reducing the amount of inventory that a company needs to hold. Its 100% free. Uneven development can result in differences in wealth, and access to healthcare. It can also force people to leave a country. (B) Explain how ethnicity can be a factor that leads to the devolution of a state. the levels of wealth, goods, safety and leisure that people may have. The Development Continuum can show a scale of development, showing the least and most developed countries, and those in between. They explore changes to places resulting from the growth or loss of industry and the role of industry in the world economy. Wealth disparities can result in large inequalities in standards of living, where some people have less access to safe water supplies, sufficient food, education, housing, security or even healthcare. In the United States, for example, Silicon Valley in CALIFORNIA is a core area where high-technology businesses are clustered. Most of the people in wealthy countries are employed in __________. Answer: A supranational organization is an organization that operates above the level of individual states and has the power to make decisions that affect its member states. To show whether a country is developed, there are certain development indicators or Measures of Development. Example: This could happen in Nepal. A) Explain the concept of urbanization and identify two historical factors that have contributed to the growth of urban areas. All Ive done is prompted ChatGPT as described above, and then with what ChatGPT returned, produced this post. E) Describe one way in which technology can be used to address resource distribution challenges. 488 0 obj <>stream True or false: tourism has helped Tunisias economy, as well as improving other development indicators. endstream endobj 439 0 obj <>>>/EncryptMetadata false/Filter/Standard/Length 128/O(Q.`;RvqL)/P -1324/R 4/StmF/StdCF/StrF/StdCF/U(VpKS% )/V 4>> endobj 440 0 obj <>>>/Lang(|VZT;p&p I]$y|k)/MarkInfo 463 0 R/Metadata 41 0 R/OpenAction 441 0 R/Outlines 60 0 R/Pages 436 0 R/StructTreeRoot 61 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 441 0 obj <> endobj 442 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Thumb 34 0 R/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 443 0 obj <>stream Renewable energy has several benefits over non-renewable energy sources. Maquiladoras are factories located in developing countries that import raw materials and export finished goods. Uneven development can cause a larger gap between the rich and poor within countries, too. HICs and TNCs tend to source their raw materials from LICs, as it is usually much cheaper. Therefore, if you see any glaring errors or omissions, and wish to give me a heads-up, I can be reached via email at ppaccone@smusd.us. An example of deindustrialization is the decline of the manufacturing sector in the United States in recent decades. B) Explain two social or cultural consequences of migration, providing an example of each. There are several ways in which sustainable development can be achieved, including: Implementing efficient use of resources: This can involve using renewable energy sources, reducing waste, and increasing resource productivity. Possible Answers: Usually poor. It is the transfer of products and goods between countries. The precautionary principle: This principle states that when there is a risk of serious or irreversible harm to the environment or human health, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason to postpone measures to prevent that harm. The natural resource curse theory, or the paradox of plenty, essentially describes how countries that have vast amounts of a particular resource, are doomed for poor development. Countries in the semi-periphery are countries that have a standard of living lower than those in the core, but much higher than those in the periphery. They are almost exclusively centers of manufacturing and exporting. Economic causes include the cycle of poverty and global trading systems. Click on the map if you would like to enlarge it. Demand and prices can change for these products; if there is an increased supply of the raw materials, then the price will be much lower. The Trans Atlantic slave trade caused uneven development as the African continent was bled of its human resources.

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