[39][40][41], The Bhakti movement originated in South India during the seventh to eighth century CE, spread northwards from Tamil Nadu through Karnataka and gained wide acceptance in fifteenth-century Assam,[43] Bengal and northern India. Learn more topics related to Medieval India, Access more than 469+ courses for UPSC - optional, Access free live classes and tests on the app, The Bhakti movement also rejected priestly dominance and rituals. image source: bhaktiwomen.org/sites/default/files/field/image/asta-gopis_0.jpg. The Tirumurai, a compilation of hymns on Shiva by sixty-three Nayanar poet-saints, developed into an influential scripture in Shaivism. Explain the essential aspects of the Bhakti Movement in the main body. This website uses cookies and third party services. 2. Report a Violation 11. Self-Surrender. The Bhakti saints strongly denounce image-worship of the Hindus. Bhakti movement - SlideShare As Bhakti movement stressed upon Bhakti or a passionate feeling of love for God, purification of the self was very essential for them. Adi Shankaracharya, an 8th-century Hindu religious reformer and scholar, was also instrumental in extending the Bhakti movement throughout India. What were the main features of Bhakti movement - Toppr The founder of this movement was a Keralite Brahmin named Shankaracharya who started it in the 9th century A.D. Gradually it spread to various parts of the country. The idea of the unity of God is reflected in the words, Even those devotees who worship other gods worship Me alone. (IX 23). Main features of the bhakti movement In terms of acquiring an answer to the question of what were the main features of bhakti , some significant factors need to be noted. The former's adherents, known as Vaishnavas, were further classified into Krishna - both avatars of Vishnu - as their personal God. Bhakti, intense love and devotion, the only way to salvation. Now there will be no further going and coming, Christopher Key Chapple (Editor) and Winthrop Sargeant (Translator), Note: The earliest arrival dates are contested by scholars. Sovereign Gold Bond Scheme Everything you need to know! The devotees worship is intended to obtain Gods favour for salvation. 10. Unacademy is Indias largest online learning platform. Knowledge (Jana) was recognisedas a constituent of bhakti by the Bhakti saints of both North and South India. Main Features of the Bhakti Movement: 1. It promoted the need of providing social services to the underprivileged and needy. Bhakti, intense love and devotion, the only way to salvation. [60][61][62] This literature includes the writings of the Alvars and Nayanars, poems of Andal,[63] Basava,[64] Bhagat Pipa,[65] Allama Prabhu, Akka Mahadevi, Kabir, Guru Nanak (founder of Sikhism),[64] Tulsidas, Nabha Dass,[66] Gusainji, Ghananand,[63] Ramananda (founder of Ramanandi Sampradaya), Ravidass, Sripadaraja, Vyasatirtha, Purandara Dasa, Kanakadasa, Vijaya Dasa, Six Goswamis of Vrindavan,[67] Raskhan,[68] Ravidas,[64] Jayadeva Goswami,[63] Namdev,[64] Eknath, Tukaram, Mirabai,[42] Ramprasad Sen,[69] Sankardev,[70] Vallabha Acharya,[64] Narsinh Mehta,[71] Gangasati[72] and the teachings of saints like Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. [10] In turn it influenced devotional practices in Islam such as Sufism,[56] and other religions in India from the 15th century onwards, such as Sikhism, Christianity,[57] and Jainism. We have here a state of affairs that has no parallel in the West. Salient Features of Bhakti Movement 1. Salient Features of Bhakti Movement - Bhakti Movement in India - BrainKart This was on account of the spirit of toleration preached by the Bhakti saints. The poem mentions their long association, bonding, anger, and disappointment. Jagannath is the center of the Odisha bhakti movement. In Bengal the love of God was considered analogous to the sentiments involved in human relationships, such as those felt by a servant toward his master, a friend toward a friend, a parent toward a child, a child toward a parent, and a woman toward her beloved. 6. Bhakti movement preached against the caste system using the local languages so that the message reached the masses. Some of the rulers adopted liberal religious policies under the impact of the Bhakti movement. Condemnation of rituals, ceremonies and blind faith. Prof Srivastav remarks. 6. [117] Sikhism, for instance, disagreed with some of the views of Bhakti saints Kabir and Ravidas. The term Sufi has come from the word Safa meaning pure which implies purity of thought and action. For instance the language of Kabir was a mixture of several languages of every day use. Solution Verified by Toppr Following are the main features of Bhakti: This was the result of people's struggle to free the religion from control of the priests and varna boundaries. The Kama connotes emotional connection, sometimes with sensual devotion and erotic love. what message has the dark-hued lord The Bhakti movement succeeded to a very small extent in realizing its two-fold objective i.e. Terms of Service 7. Two groups of people deemed poets and saints had a significant role in propagating the Bhakti movement. The Bhakti movement brought them hope and support and inner strength to save themselves. [7] These poet-saints championed a wide range of philosophical positions within their society, ranging from the theistic dualism of Dvaita to the absolute monism of Advaita Vedanta. attempted to restrain the fanaticism of the Muslims and tried to bring them nearer to the Hindus. Omissions? The concept of Bhakti was not a new one in the Indian tradition. According to the Bhagavadgita, a Hindu religious text, the path of bhakti, or bhakti-marga, is superior to the two other religious approaches, the path of knowledge (jnana) and the path of ritual and good . The Bhakti Movements Beneficial Influence on Medieval Indian Society. Therefore, all the leaders and sub-groups played a significant role in improving the societal structure. A brief summary of the main features of the movement are given below. There has never been a more broad and popular movement in our nation following the demise of Buddhism than the Bhakti movement. They brought necessaryprinciples of the Bhakti movementthat could convince many to urge on the path of devotion, love and tenacity. A person was free to choose his ways and means to worship a god. He used to enchant songs and poems for Lord Krishna, resulting in an uprising in Vaishnavism. The Sanskrit word bhakti is derived from the root bhaj, which means "divide, share, partake, participate, to belong to". In India, Sufism adopted many native Indian concepts such as yogic postures, music and dance. [89] Yet given the "mountains of Nirguni bhakti literature", adds Lorenzen, bhakti for Nirguna Brahman has been a part of the reality of the Hindu tradition along with the bhakti for Saguna Brahman. Wendy Doniger is the Mircea Eliade Distinguished Service Professor of the History of Religions in the Divinity School at the University of Chicago. Jill Mordaunt et al, Thoughtful Fundraising: Concepts, Issues, and Perspectives, Routledge. They brought necessary. The evils of caste system, the unnecessary ritualism and Brahmanical orthodoxy of Hinduism received a setback due to the powerful voices of eminent socio-religious reformers during the movement. Fortunately with the foreign invaders, some Sufi Muslim saints had also come to India and settled here. Report a Violation 11. Preachings through local or regional languages and travelling from place to place for spreading the religious message. Sufism derives is inspiration from Islam. Unity of God or one God though known by different names. Open- mindedness about deciding religious matters. How did India trade with Europe? This aspect of tenacity and sheer devotion turned many minds to breaking peoples superstitious beliefs about the lower-caste category. bhakti, (Sanskrit: devotion) in Hinduism, a movement emphasizing the mutual intense emotional attachment and love of a devotee toward a personal god and of the god for the devotee. Terms of Service 7. That God is one single entity, with different names. Bhakti movement in Odisha known as Jnana Misrita bhakti or Dadhya Bhakti which started in the 12th century by various scholars including Jayadeva and it was in the form of mass movement in the 14th century. Due to this synthesising attitude Bhakti movement attained tremendous success. image source: images.cdn.bigcartel.com/bigcartel/product_images/122440308/max_h-1000%2Bmax_w-1000/bm_Tcover.jpg. The early 15th-century Bhakti poet-Sant Pipa stated,[94]. The. He used to believe in the idea of One God and honesty. Rejection of idol worship by many saints 7. 5. The reasons for the birth and growth of this movement are therefore not far to seek. Bhakti Movement: Causes, Hindu Society and Features - History Discussion It reformed the religion to a great extent. In this article, we will learn about the significance of temples and monastic institutions. Later on, the movement took a new direction by evolving the devotion to God, i.e., Lord Krishna. Any object could be used as a symbol of the god. [19] Karen Pechelis states that the word Bhakti should not be understood as uncritical emotion, but as committed engagement. They claimed that God is omnipresent and lives within mans heart. Condemnation of rituals, ceremonies and blind faith. Its real impact was felt when prominent saints like Kabir, Nanak and Shri Chaitanya spread the ideas of fraternity, equality and love inherent in both the religions. They ate their meals in the shared kitchen as a group. Bhakti Movement - Origin, Causes and its Effects - BYJU'S The movement tried to instila sense of piety in the peoples daily lives. It was believed that all creations of God were equal and hence, all men should be treated equally. The Muslim rule had put dread in the hearts of the Hindu masses. 7. Even Lord Buddha came to be regarded as the ninth incarnation of Lord Krishna in the Hindu pantheon. There were a lot of castes and social class division. image source: hinduhumanrights.info/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/VIKHANASA-RISHI.jpg. within the body all the Jangamas[95] They believed in a formless and shapeless God which was the Supreme power. As a result, sacrifices and everyday rituals had no place in the Bhakti movement, Because the Bhakti saints preached in common peoples languages, they made significant contributions to forming current Indian languages like Hindi, Marathi, Bengali, and Gujarati, The Bhakti movement was only partially successful in achieving its two-fold goal of bringing about changes in Hinduism and creating amicable relations between Hindus and Muslims, The Rama-Sita or Radha-Krishna cult was not embraced by the Turko-Afghan rulers or the Muslim population, It is also possibly exaggerated to claim that the Bhakti movement influenced Akbars broad vision. image source: bhaktivedantamanor.co.uk/home/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/Pancha-Tattwa.jpg. He who has highest Bhakti (love, devotion)[23] of Deva (God), The most important social impact of the Bhakti movement was that the followers of the Bhakti movement rejected the caste distinction. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. of Venkatam It drew attention to the evils of anger, greed and vanity. bringing about reforms in Hinduism and developing harmonious relations between the Hindus and the Muslims. Goswami Tulsi Das composed his works in Awadhi. The concept was only to propel the Indian society to devote their life for the sake of love, devotion, and equity. What were the main features of Bhakti movement? 6. Promotion of regional languages of the common people: In place of Sanskrit, Arabic and Persian, the Bhakti saints preached through the medium of local languages which could be understood very easily. Shandilya and Narada are credited with two Bhakti texts, the Shandilya Bhakti Sutra and Narada Bhakti Sutra. 6. The movement tried to loosen the bond of caste. The Hindu and as well as the Muslim saints emphasized religious simplicity. They range from the 7th to 9th century, with Muslim traders settling in coastal regions of the Indian peninsula, to Muslims seeking asylum in Tamil Nadu, to raids in northwest India by, Karen Pechelis (2011), "Bhakti Traditions", in. the devotee and the devotee is eager to meet his beloved (God). Although, his lessons greatly impacted the Indian society that still enchanted Kabir Chaura Varanasi. [88], Nirguna and Saguna Brahman concepts of the Bhakti movement has been a baffling one to scholars, particularly the Nirguni tradition because it offers, states David Lorenzen, "heart-felt devotion to a God without attributes, without even any definable personality". It started under the initiative of King Husain Shah of Jaunpur which later paved the way for the spirit of liberalism adopted by Akbar. Bhakti, devotion, and Love are the sole essence of salvation. These people were known as the Nayanars and the Alvars. The chief exponents of the movement were Shankara, Ramanuja, Kabir, Nanak, Shri Chaitanya, Mirabai, Ramananda, Namdev, Nimbarka, Madhava, Eknath, Surdas, Tulsidas, Tukaram, Vallabhacharya and Chandidas. They took their meals together from the common kitchen. While the orthodox Muslims depend upon external conduct and blind observance of religious rituals, the Sufi saints seek inner purity. They want some solace to repair their broken hearts, The most significant social influence of the Bhakti movement was that its adherents disregarded the caste system, They started mixing on the premise of equality. To him who is high-minded, 2. Richard Kieckhefer and George Bond (1990). [32] Hiriyanna interprets the text to be introducing "personal theism" in the form of Shiva Bhakti, with a shift to monotheism but in the henotheistic context where the individual is encouraged to discover his own definition and sense of God.[33]. sent through you? The religion itself was monopolized by the Brahmins who themselves led a degenerated and corrupt moral life. 3. God could only be found by love, dedicati Answer: The term Bhakti which means devotion, originated as a news of worshipping God. Bhakti movement that originally began in South India in the 9th century with Shankaracharya spread over all parts of India and by the 16th century was a great spiritual force to reckon with, especially after the great wave made by Kabir, Nanak and Shri Chaitanya. So subsequent Bhakti literatures were compiled in these languages and many Musilm writers also translated Sanskrit works into regional languages. A spirit of harmony among different sections of society and religion received impetus. [11] Kabir, a poet-saint for example, wrote in Upanishadic style, the state of knowing truth:[93]. The Features Of The Bhakti Movement In Mediaeval India While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [14] Many scholars are now characterizing the emergence of Bhakti in medieval India as a revival, reworking, and recontextualization of the central themes of the Vedic traditions.[14]. It came to India towards the beginning of the 13th century A.D. and with the rise of the Muslim power Sufism became more popular. Kabir Everyone knows about Sant Kabir Das and the heartwarming Dohas he has given to the world. [91][92], Poet-saints grew in popularity, and literature on devotional songs in regional languages became profuse. Plagiarism Prevention 5. began a new chapter in the Indian society. The feeling of appreciation of the difference between the thought and practices of the two religions emerged. W. Owen Cole and Piara Singh Sambhi (1997), A Mandair (2011), "Time and religion-making in modern Sikhism", in, "CBSE Class 12 History #CrashCourse: Bhakti movement's emergence and influence", "Ankiya-bhaona of Sankaradeva and Madhavadeva performed in the Sattra Institutions of Assam: A study", The History and Culture of the Indian People, "Andal-Nacciyar Tirumoli Poetry Makes Worlds", "Religious Movements in Hindu Social Contexts: A Study of Paradigms for Contextual "Church" Development", "The Sacred Geography of the Tamil Shaivite Hymns", "Shrines, Shamanism, and Love Poetry: Elements in the Emergence of Popular Tamil Bhakti", "Mrb and Her Contributions to the Bhakti Movement", "Author and Authority in the Bhakti Poetry of North India", "The Vithoba Faith of Maharashtra: The Vithoba Temple of Pandharpur and Its Mythological Structure", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhakti_movement&oldid=1151004976, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 21 April 2023, at 09:44.

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