High rainfall totals were experienced in many impacted areas, with Fort Pierce, Florida, receiving the highest rainfall of more than 21.5 inches100 and the Florida Keys receiving 12 inches of rain.84,102 Flooding occurred on most rivers in northern Florida and in many rivers in both Georgia and South Carolina to the point that rescues were required. Cross-disciplinary groups such as the Georgia Climate Project (http://www.georgiaclimateproject.org) are developing research roadmaps that can help to prioritize research and action with relevance to policymakers, practitioners, and scientists. Kennedy, J. P., M. W. Pil, C. E. Proffitt, W. A. Boeger, A. M. Stanford, and D. J. Devlin, 2016: Postglacial expansion pathways of red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle, in the Caribbean Basin and Florida. 9: Oceans, KM 2).35,252 While adaptation and resilience can moderate climate change impacts, rural areas generally face other stressors, such as poverty and limited access to healthcare, which will make coping to these climate-related challenges more difficult. In Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II [Reidmiller, D.R., C.W. The Tribes experience highlights how success can be achieved when at-risk communities are engaged in the resettlement planning process from the beginning to ensure long-term successful relocation and maintain community integrity.80 It also highlights an opportunity for institutions to evolve in more flexible ways to accommodate the growing number of communities that may need to relocate. Davis, M. B., and R. G. Shaw, 2001: Range shifts and adaptive responses to quaternary climate change. Avery, M. L., R. M. Engeman, K. L. Keacher, J. S. Humphrey, W. E. Bruce, T. C. Mathies, and R. E. Mauldin, 2010: Cold weather and the potential range of invasive Burmese pythons. What are the industries in North Carolinas coastal plains? Smith, T. J., III, M. B. Robblee, H. R. Wanless, and T. W. Doyle, 1994: Mangroves, hurricanes, and lightning strikes: Assessment of Hurricane Andrew suggests an interaction across two differing scales of disturbance. Cartwright, J. M., and W. J. Wolfe, 2016: Insular ecosystems of the southeastern United States: A regional synthesis to support biodiversity conservation in a changing climate. According to the article, [b]ecause losses are largest in regions that are already poorer on average, climate change tends to increase preexisting inequality in the United States.11 Understanding the demographic and socioeconomic composition of racial and ethnic groups in the region is important, because these characteristics are associated with health risk factors, disease prevalence, and access to care, which in turn may influence the degree of impact from climate-related threats. Plains generally have fertile soil and are attractive to settlement as they are easy to reach, provide good roadbuilding, and have good farmland. Yates, K. K., D. G. Zawada, N. A. Smiley, and G. Tiling-Range, 2017: Divergence of seafloor elevation and sea level rise in coral reef ecosystems. Recently, after nearly 20 years of tribal persistence and two previous efforts, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) through the National Disaster Resilience Competition,78 along with technical assistance from The Rockefeller Foundation, awarded the State of Louisiana $48 million (in 2016 dollars) to implement the Tribes resettlement plan: a community-driven, culturally appropriate, sustainable development-based plan. The Coastal Plain Region is usually divided into two sub regions: the Outer Coastal Plain, commonly referred to as the Tidewater; and the Inner Coastal, which is less impacted by the effects of the ocean as it is located further inward. A. Mendelssohn, and M. D. Materne, 2004: Acute salt marsh dieback in the Mississippi River deltaic plain: A drought-induced phenomenon? As a result, median household income in the rural counties closest to the coast Camden ($60,714), Dare ($54,787) and Carteret ($50,599) are all higher than the state average of $48,256.1. Demuzere, M., K. Orru, O. Heidrich, E. Olazabal, D. Geneletti, H. Orru, A. G. Bhave, N. Mittal, E. Feliu, and M. Faehnle, 2014: Mitigating and adapting to climate change: Multi-functional and multi-scale assessment of green urban infrastructure. Ungerer, M. J., M. P. Ayres, and M. J. Lombardero, 1999: Climate and the northern distribution limits of Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). For example, the Louisville, Kentucky, metro government conducted an urban heat management study and installed 145,000 square feet of cool roofs as part of their goal to lessen the risk of climate change impacts.28, The transmission of vector-borne diseases, which are spread by the bite of an animal such as a mosquito or tick, is complex and depends on a number of factors, including weather and climate, vegetation, animal host populations, and human activities (Ch. Arable land is laid out in strips between the sea or a river and inland swamps. Storey, M., and E. W. Gudger, 1936: Mortality of fishes due to cold at Sanibel Island, Florida, 1886-1936. Silliman, B. R., J. van de Koppel, M. D. Bertness, L. E. Stanton, and I. Copyright & Legal Disclaimer, Web Design & Development by Upward Brand Interactions. Cangialosi, J. P., A. S. Latto, and R. Berg, 2018: Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Irma (AL112017), 30 August-12 September 2017. Inland areas were also impacted by winds and heavy rains with river gauges and high-water marks showing upwards of 26 feet above ground level.100 The winds eventually fell below tropical storm strength near Columbus, Georgia. Stone, B., J. Vargo, P. Liu, Y. T. Hu, and A. Russell, 2013: Climate change adaptation through urban heat management in Atlanta, Georgia. For rural areas located near metropolitan areas, access to urban employment is an important cause of population retention and growth. 4 North Carolina Broadband Infrastructure Office. Latino migration to the rural coastal region increased significantly between 2000 and 2010, resulting in a doubling, on average, of the Latino population. Sea level rise has put these transportation connection points at risk. These beaches and bayous, fields and forests, and cities and small towns are all at risk from a changing climate. Natural ecosystems are complex and governed by many interacting biotic and abiotic processes. WebIndustries found in the Coastal Plains include processing, manufacturing and marketing products, mainly seafood and wood. The city has responded by making physical modifications, developing a more robust disaster response plan, and improving planning and monitoring prior to flood events. Governor declares state of emergency as Hurricane Irma's forecast path shifts.. Maycock, and B.C. Other assets, like labor, are more productive when used in combination with certain technologies or physical infrastructure. What is the industries of the coastal plains? Osland, M. J., N. M. Enwright, R. H. Day, C. A. Gabler, C. L. Stagg, and J. Doney, S. C., V. J. Fabry, R. A. Feely, and J. Solar farms, such as this one in Greene County, are part of a growing energy industry cluster in the rural coastal region. Fire has historically played an important role in the region, and ecological diversity in many southeastern natural systems is dependent upon fire.115,116,134,189 In the future, rising temperatures and increases in the duration and intensity of drought are expected to increase wildfire occurrence and also reduce the effectiveness of prescribed fire.3,4,5,6, Hurricanes and rising sea levels are aspects of climate change that will have a tremendous effect on coastal ecosystems in the Southeast. U.S. U.S. Geological Survey, Center for Coastal Geology, St. Petersburg, FL, various pp. Regional economic integration depends upon robust market relationships and communications between rural and urban areas. The size of a business operation and the markets it can sell to impact its effectiveness and efficiency. In Central and South Florida, such things would include the closing of schools, colleges, and universities; the closing of tourist attractions and the cancellation of thousands of flights into and out of region; and the closing or restricting of the use of seaports including Canaveral, Key West, Miami, and Jacksonville, among others.109,112 The Select Committee on Hurricane Response and Preparedness: Final Report109 estimates that there were 84 U.S. deaths attributable to Hurricane Irma and other untold damage and human suffering. Analysis of the sensitivity of some manufacturing sectors to climate changes anticipates secondary risks associated with crop and livestock productivity.64,255, Multiple analyses anticipate that energy- or water-intensive industries could face water stress and increased energy costs.8,64,255,256, A large body of evidence addresses the sensitivity of many crops grown in the Southeast to changing climate conditions including increased temperatures, decreased summer rainfall, drought, and change in the timing and duration of chill periods.7,35 Extensive research documents livestock sensitivity to heat stress.7, Multiple lines of evidence indicate that forests are likely to be impacted by changing climate, particularly moisture regimes and potential changes in wildfire activity.191,195,272,274 There is extensive research on heat-related illness and mortality among those living and working in the Southeast. The Coastal Plains have a varied economy. Carter, L., A. Terando, K. Dow, K. Hiers, K.E. Climate model simulations of future conditions project increases in temperature and extreme precipitation for both lower and higher scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5; see Figure 19.5).13,19 After the middle of the 21st century, however, the projected increases are lower for the lower scenario (RCP4.5). Home Page [www.becn.com] In coming years, high-amenity and urban-adjacent rural areas that comprise North Carolinas coastal region are likely to continue to be competitive in a global economy, while more remote rural places may require additional investment to thrive. 15: Tribes, KM 3). NOAA Technical Report NOS CO-OPS 073. The Lower Coastal Plain contains several subregions, or physiographic districts, based on topography, geology, soil, flora, fauna, and other factors. To sustain economic well-being, rural communities must continue to invest in the productivity of unique assets that support economic development. | There are two rural areas in the coastal plain, as defined by U.S. Census Bureau statistics. Increases in extreme rainfall events and high tide coastal floods due to future climate change will impact the quality of life of permanent residents as well as tourists visiting the low-lying and coastal regions of the Southeast. Persistent rural poverty stands out in the Southeast (Figure 19.22). Southeast - Fourth National Climate Assessment With wildfire projected to increase in the Southeast,6,191 prescribed fire (the purposeful ignition of low-intensity fires in a controlled setting), remains the most effective tool for reducing wildfire risk.4,195 Department of Defense (DoD) lands represent the largest reservoirs of biodiversity and native ecosystems in the region.117 Military activities are a frequent source of wildfires, but increases in prescribed fire acres (Figure 19.19) show a corresponding decrease in wildfire ignitions for DoD.4 Climate resilience by DoD is further achieved through restoration of native longleaf pine forests that occupy a wide range of site types, including wetland and well-drained soilsthe latter leading many to characterize this forest as being drought resistant.196,197,198,199 In addition to proactive adaptation through prescribed fire, DoD has been a leader in climate strategies that include regional conservation planning, ecosystem management, endangered species recovery, and research funding. NRCS, 2017: Plant profile: Allium tricoccum Aiton ramp. If he adds one additional crew member, he wont increase his landings. Annual occurrences of high tide coastal flooding have increased 5- to 10-fold since the 1960s in several low-lying coastal cities in the Southeast (Figure 19.7).51,60 In 2015, several Southeast coastal cities experienced all-time records of coastal flooding occurrences, including Wilmington, NC (90 days), Charleston, SC (38 days), Mayport, FL (19 days), Miami, FL (18 days), Key West, FL (14 days), and Fernandina Beach, FL (7 days). Ecosystems in the Southeast span the transition zone between tropical and temperate climates. A. Kleypas, 2009: Ocean acidification: The other CO2 problem. WebToggle navigation. In the non-metropolitan counties in the coastal region, approximately 60% of households have broadband internet service subscriptions. Drummond, M. A., and T. R. Loveland, 2010: Land-use pressure and a transition to forest-cover loss in the eastern United States. Voiland, A., 2017: Hot water ahead for Hurricane Irma. Zhang, Y., and Y. Wang, 2016: Climate-driven ground-level ozone extreme in the fall over the Southeast United States. National Hurricane Center, 111 pp. Synthesis Report. Sherrod, C. L., and C. McMillan, 1985: The distributional history and ecology of mangrove vegetation along the northern Gulf of Mexico coastal region. Sea level rise is already causing an increase in high tide flood events in the Southeast region and is adding to the impact of more extreme coastal flooding events. Many southeastern cities are particularly vulnerable to climate change compared to cities in other regions, with expected impacts to infrastructure and human health. Habeeb, D., J. Vargo, and B. Population projections are inherently uncertain over long time periods, and shifts in immigration or migration rates and shifting demographics will influence urban vulnerabilities to climate change. Doughty, C. L., J. Email Fraud Information For example, non-metropolitan Harnett County sits between metropolitan Wake County to the north and Cumberland County to the south, making work possible in cities from Raleigh and Fayetteville. Williams, A. P., C. D. Allen, A. K. Macalady, D. Griffin, C. A. Woodhouse, D. M. Meko, T. W. Swetnam, S. A. Rauscher, R. Seager, H. D. Grissino-Mayer, J. S. Dean, E. R. Cook, C. Gangodagamage, M. Cai, and N. G. McDowell, 2013: Temperature as a potent driver of regional forest drought stress and tree mortality. Important industrial clusters in the rural coastal region include aerospace and defense, food processing and manufacturing, and energy, among others. A. Maynard, G. Diaz-Pulido, P. J. Mumby, P. A. Marshall, L. Cao, and O. V. E. Hoegh-Guldberg, 2011: Ocean acidification and warming will lower coral reef resilience. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), . California Privacy Rights Census Bureau, 2017: County Population Totals and Components of Change: 2010-2016. For example, the distribution of tropical herbivorous fish has been expanding in response to warmer waters, which has resulted in the tropicalization of some temperate marine ecosystems and decreases in the cover of valuable macroalgal plant communities.179 A decrease in the growth of sea turtles in the West Atlantic has been linked to higher ocean temperatures.237 Due to climate change, warming ocean temperatures in the coming decades are expected to transform many marine and coastal ecosystems across the Southeast.

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