The waving of the southern cross was referenced in The Civil War Day by Day (E.B. Dr. Kathleen Logothetis Thompson graduated with her Ph.D. from West Virginia University in 2017. When it was over, 166 had voted for secession and 8 against. Secession itself occurred in two phases, sparked by specific events in 1860 and 1861. Thus ordained and declared in convention the 9th day of January, in the year of our Lord 1861. . Said that if a woman insulted a Confederate Soldier that she would no longer be treated like a lady. Proof That The Civil War Was Fought Over Slavery - HuffPost Those favoring immediate secession were mainly influential cotton planters from central and southern Alabama, which included the key areas surrounding Montgomery and Mobile. SEC. Arkansas Secession Ordinance, 1861 May 6 First. Annotated Bibliographies - NHD Slavery Project In addition, Kathleen was a seasonal interpreter at Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania National Military Park from 2010-2014 and has worked on various other publications and projects. Alexander Stephens, Vice President of the Confederacy, stated in a speech on March 21, 1861 that Our new government is founded upon exactly the opposite idea [referring to the equality of the races being pursued in the North]; its foundations are laid, its corner-stone rests upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery subordination to the superior race is his natural and normal condition. Whatever their personal motivations, Confederate soldiers went to war to uphold the system and ideas of Southern slavery. common peace and security. Date:1861. Alabama was the fourth state to secede from the Union on January 11, 1861. Adopted January 11, 1861. The "Secession Movement," political cartoon, ca. and harmonious action in whatever measures may be deemed most desirable for our Texas, Mississippi, Georgia and South Carolina all issued additional documents, usually referred to as the "Declarations of Causes," which explain their decision to leave the Union. A test vote resulted in 54 to 46 for secession. With the capitals of the Confederacy and the Union only 100 miles apart, Virginia became the major battleground of the American Civil War. The document is signed in type by Robert Jemison Jr. and thirty-two others. ________________________________________FLORIDA The convention adjourned on April 27, 1861. Acknowledging the moderates contribution to the cause, diehards such as Yancey were passed over as delegates to the southern convention in favor of former Unionists such as David Peter Lewis. "Arkansas Secession Ordinance, 1861 May 6" You may also like to know about: Your email address will not be published. Alabama was the fourth state to secede from the Union on January 11, 1861. Ratified 23 Feb 1861 by a vote of 46,153 for and 14,747 against. Compiled with the long-term conflicts that had accrued over the past decades, many Southerners perceived Lincoln as an abolitionist bent on destroying slavery and a president who only represented the interests of the North. Alabamainfohub.com acknowledges that the information provided on this website is for information purposes only. Faust, Patricia L. (Patricia L. Faust ed.). Read the other secession documents here: South Carolina Mississippi Florida Alabama Georgia Louisiana Texas Virginia Arkansas North Carolina Tennessee Missouri Kentucky Confederate States of America : Documents Declarations of Secession Georgia; January 29, 1861 Mississippi South Carolina; December 24, 1860 Texas; February 2, 1861 Messages and Papers of the Confederacy Constitution for the Provisional Government; February 8, 1861 The new Republican Party was a purely Northern party with a platform that was anti-slavery. The secession resolution cited the election of ABRAHAM LINCOLN by a sectional party, avowedly hostile to the domestic institutions, and the peace and security of the state, as reason for secession. Texas' constitution is one of the largest state constitutions in the U.S. - only Alabama's and California's are longer. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. Summary. And as it is the desire and purpose of the people of Alabama to meet the slaveholding States of the South, who may approve such purpose, in order to frame a provisional as well as permanent Government upon the principles of the Constitution of the United States, Moderates were also placated by a motion to continue the ban on the African slave trade. Adopted 20 Nov 1861, by a "Convention of the People of Kentucky". Many were cooperationists who either leaned against seceding or favored a more moderate path out of the Union. They did so in order to protect the institution of slavery. South CarolinaMississippiFloridaAlabamaGeorgiaLouisianaTexasVirginiaArkansasNorth CarolinaTennesseeMissouriKentucky. 1 REEL INDEX John Fletcher Comer . In addition, Kathleen was a seasonal interpreter at Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania National Military Park from 2010-2014 and has worked on various other publications and projects. Originally published serially in newspapers. langdon hall east alabama male college (later auburn Skip to document Ask an Expert The captain was ordered to surrender into my hands, for the use of the State, the revenue cutter Lewis Cass, now under your command, together with her armaments, properties and provisions on board the same.. Avalon Project - Alabama : Constitution of January 7, 1861 Describe Alabama's secession process. Secession had been seriously mentioned as a political option at least as far back as the Missouri crisis of 1819-21, and threats to disrupt the Union occurred in every sectional crisis from the nullification era (1828-33) onward. Many of these documents are very clear that slavery was central to their decision to leave the United States. Four years of war ended the institution of slavery, altered the Virginia landscape, displaced families, and cost thousands their lives. The troops then confronted the revenue cutter U.S.S. Address. Third. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. 1861/01 - Florida's Ordinance of Secession - American Civil War Forums Biographies of the Delegates to the Alabama Secession Convention Part 3. Secession - New Georgia Encyclopedia Troops seized Mount Vernon that same day, which had been guarded by just 17 Federal troops under Captain Jesse L. Reno. Be it resolved by the people of Alabama in Convention assembled, That Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! dangerous infractions of the constitution of the United States by many of the It was a roll-call vote done in alphabetical order. Secession Documents: Alabama Civil Discourse The other . consulting with each other as to the most effectual mode of securing concerted Tennessee's Ordinance of Secession - davidrreynolds.org Wanted to withdraw from the Union immediately after Abraham Lincoln was elected. A rich new perspective on the events leading up to the Civil War and will prove an invaluable tool for understanding the central crisis in American politics. documents The Indian Removal Act called for the "voluntary or forcible removal of all Indians . And we do further hereby declare and ordain, That the State of Arkansas hereby resumes to herself all rights and powers heretofore delegated to the Government of the United States of America; that her citizens are absolved from all allegiance to said Government of the United States, and that she is in full possession and exercise of all the rights and sovereignty which appertain to a free and independent State. 06-05_task1.docx - Name: Date: School: Facilitator: 6.05 Secession ________________________________________KENTUCKY Annotation: The seceded states drafted the following ordinances of secession that severed their connection with the Federal Union in an attempt to preserve state rights and their different cultures. Declaration of the Causes of Secession, Georgia - University of Houston Presented to the people of Alabama via newspapers, the document sought to explain to the public why the signers of the letter did not choose to sign the Ordinance of Secession. Ended the Civil War in 1865. This act to take effect and be in force from and after its passage. ________________________________________TEXAS Be it ordained, That we do hereby forever sever our connection with the Government of the United States, and in the name of the people we do hereby declare Kentucky to be a free and independent State, clothed with all power to fix her own destiny and to secure her own rights and liberties. His election caused the first seven states to secede and form the Confederacy. Diehards hoping to widen this pro-secession majority tried not to alienate the moderates; when William L. Yancey delivered a speech calling anyone opposing secession a traitor, secessionist leader Thomas H. Watts quickly followed up with a speech downplaying such talk. Government upon the principles of the Constitution of the United States, The President appointed as the Committe of Fifteen to prepare Ordinance of Secession: L. Q. C. Lamar, of Lafayette; A. M. Clayton, of Marshall; G. R. Clayton, of Lowndes; Alfred C. Holt, of Wilkinson; Wiley P. Harris, of Hinds; J. First. That all the laws and ordinances by which the said State of Mississippi became a member of the Federal Union of the United States of America be, and the same are hereby, repealed, and that all obligations on the part of the said State or the people thereof to observe the same be withdrawn, and that the said State doth hereby resume all the rights, functions, and powers which by any of said laws or ordinances were conveyed to the Government of the said United States, and is absolved from all the obligations, restraints, and duties incurred to the said Federal Union, and shall from henceforth be a free, sovereign, and independent State. . Florida Secession (U.S. National Park Service) Ordinance of Secession, adopted by the Alabama constitutional convention of 1861. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. powers over the Territory of said State, and over the people thereof, heretofore Alabama, in Convention assembled, That the State of Alabama now withdraws, and All but three signed. On January 11, 1861, a convention of elected delegates passed an ordinance withdrawing Alabama . January 11, 1861 - Alabama Secedes | The Eagle and The Journal Adopted in convention at Baton Rouge this 26th day of January, 1861. Declarations of Causes of Seceding States - South . February 24 Discussion Lecture and Notes - Secession 1.) 2 - Studocu document or series of documents begins. If not, mention your queries in the comment section. Digital History ID 3953. therefore: Be it declared and ordained by the people of the State of This edition is from Ordinances and Constitution of the State of Alabama (1861). in history with a Certificate in Revolutionary Era Studies from Siena College in 2010. Research materials are plentiful. It represents the turmoil that states in the Upper South faced when picking sides during the war. Had it convened, it would have been overwhelmingly pro-Union. Reno wrote his superiors: As it was impossible for me to hold this place with my seventeen men, I trust that the Department will not hold me responsible for this unexpected catastrophe., Governor Moore wrote to President James Buchanan explaining the reasons why he felt compelled to order the seizure of Federal property before the convention began: I was fully convinced by the evidences which I had that that convention withdraw the State of Alabama from the Government of the United States Being thus convinced I deemed it my duty to take every precautionary step to make the secession of the State peaceful, and prevent detriment to her people The purpose with which my order was given and has been executed was to avoid and not to provoke hostilities between the State and Federal government., On the 5th, Alabama militia took Forts Morgan and Gaines, which were vital in protecting the entrance to Mobile Bay. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. On January 19, the Tennessee legislature in special session beginning January 7 required that approval of a possible secession convention be put to referendum on February 9. After the state of Alabama seceded from the Union in January of 1861, a small county within the state, known as Winston County, disagreed with the decision and tried to secede from the South. Therefore we, the people of the State of Arkansas, in convention assembled, do hereby declare and ordain, and it is hereby declared and ordained, That the "ordinance and acceptance of compact" passed and approved by the General Assembly of the State of Arkansas on the 18th day of October, A.D. 1836, whereby it was by said General Assembly ordained that by virtue of the authority vested in said General Assembly by the provisions of the ordinance adopted by the convention of delegates assembled at Little Rock for the purpose of forming a constitution and system of government for said State, the propositions set forth in "An act supplementary to an act entitled `An act for the admission of the State of Arkansas into the Union, and to provide for the due execution of the laws of the United States within the same, and for other purposes,'" were freely accepted, ratified, and irrevocably confirmed, articles of compact and union between the State of Arkansas and the United States, and all other laws and every other law and ordinance, whereby the State of Arkansas became a member of the Federal Union, be, and the same are hereby, in all respects and for every purpose herewith consistent, repealed, abrogated, and fully set aside; and the union now subsisting between the State of Arkansas and the other States, under the name of the United States of America, is hereby forever dissolved. ________________________________________LOUISIANA We do further declare and ordain, That the State of Louisiana hereby resumes all rights and powers heretofore delegated to the Government of the United States of America; that her citizens are absolved from all allegiance to said Government; and that she is in full possession and exercise of all those rights of sovereignty which appertain to a free and independent State. ORDINANCE OF SECESSION 06.05 history.docx - Name: Mackenzie Gregory Date: 04/11/23 Exploring the most important 55 months in American history, Three days before the Alabama State Convention was scheduled to begin at Montgomery, Governor Andrew B. Moore issued orders for state troops to seize all Federal forts and military facilities in Alabama. This page was last edited on 29 December 2017, at 18:34. We furthermore declare and ordain that article 10, sections 1 and 2, of the constitution of the State of Tennessee, which requires members of the General Assembly and all officers, civil and military, to take an oath to support the Constitution of the United States be, and the same are hereby, abrogated and annulled, and all parts of the constitution of the State of Tennessee making citizenship of the United States a qualification for office and recognizing the Constitution of the United States as the supreme law of this State are in like manner abrogated and annulled. The first was the election of Abraham Lincoln to the presidency. Montgomery, Alabama. CONTENTdm - digital.archives.alabama.gov An Ordinance to dissolve the union between the State of Alabama and the other States united under the compact styled "The Constitution of the United States of America" approve such purpose, in order to frame a provisional as well as permanent Alabama Textual Materials Collection Ordinance of Secession, adopted by the Alabama constitutional convention of 1861. Ordinance of Secession, adopted by the Alabama constitutional ________________________________________ALABAMA And be it further resolved, That the President of this Convention, be and is hereby instructed to transmit forthwith a copy of the foregoing Preamble, Ordinance, and Resolutions to the Governors of the several States named in said resolutions. President Lincoln's suspension of habeas corpus and overwhelming Union military intervention aimed at protecting Washington blocked the Maryland legislature, or any other group in Maryland, from considering secession further after the legislature overwhelmingly rejected calling a secession convention but retained some notion of limiting cooperation with the Union and military coercion. Jackson (who had been removed from office by the State Convention) The Constitution is the foundational governing document of the State of Texas, second only to the U.S. Constitution. We, the people of the State of North Carolina in convention assembled, do declare and ordain, and it is hereby declared and ordained, That the ordinance adopted by the State of North Carolina in the convention of 1789, whereby the Constitution of the United States was ratified and adopted, and also all acts and parts of acts of the General Assembly ratifying and adopting amendments to the said Constitution, are hereby repealed, rescinded, and abrogated. ________________________________________GEORGIA Where General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Grant. Voters rejected the convention, and by extension, any secession. AN ORDINANCE. delegated to the Government of the United States of America, be and they are The Reasons for Secession: A Documentary Study - American Battlefield Trust Secession - North Carolina History Project Articles. Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, One, C. Christopher Sheats of Winston County, continued arguing against secession until he was dragged out of the hall by celebrating citizens and put in jail for the rest of the convention. Be it declared and ordained by the people of the State of Alabama, in Convention assembled, That the State of Alabama now withdraws, and is hereby withdrawn from the Union known as "the United States of America," and henceforth ceases to be one of said United States, and is, and of right ought to be a Sovereign and Independent State. the people of Alabama to meet the slaveholding States of the South, who may White Georgians, along with other white southerners, disagreed over whether secession was a constitutional right (embodied in the national compact that grew out of . Write your response below: In Convention assembled, That the State of Alabama now withdraws, and is hereby withdrawn from the Union known as "the United States of America," and henceforth ceases to be one of said United States The issues of secession are complex and it is very true that not every soldier who went to war had slavery in mind as a motivation. The Crittendon Compromise (1860) USA Census 1860. Sec 2. We, the people of the State of Florida, in convention assembled, do solemnly ordain, publish, and declare, That the State of Florida hereby withdraws herself from the confederacy of States existing under the name of the United States of America and from the existing Government of the said States; and that all political connection between her and the Government of said States ought to be, and the same is hereby, totally annulled, and said Union of States dissolved; and the State of Florida is hereby declared a sovereign and independent nation; and that all ordinances heretofore adopted, in so far as they create or recognize said Union, are rescinded; and all laws or parts of laws in force in this State, in so far as they recognize or assent to said Union, be, and they are hereby, repealed. The ordinance declared Florida to be "a sovereign and independent nation." On April 13, the convention ratified the constitution adopted by the Confederate States of America. 2. Collection: To the People of Alabama: anti-secession document signed by Alabama was central to the Civil War, with the secession convention at Montgomery, birthplace of the Confederacy, inviting other states to form a Southern Republic, during January-March 1861, and develop constitutions to legally run their own affairs. It was one of the original seven states to form the Confederacy on February 8, 1861. 4. Every purchase supports the mission. As in Missouri and Kentucky, thousands from Delaware and Maryland also fought for the Confederacy. For the South, however, slavery was much more at the forefront. The most prominent of those voting against was Throckmorton, of Collin County, who was later a Confederate general and a Reconstruction era governor of Texas. day of January, A.D. 1861.

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