One of the issues discussed is the expansion desire for English citizens. Colonization has been considered as a means through which other nations control and use native people to serve their interests. Besides, he believes that colonization should entail friendship or familiarity. the Newfound Landes (London, 1583), in The . That this voyage will be a great bridle to the Indies of the king of Spaine and a means that we may arrest at our pleasure for the space of time weeks or three months every year, one or two hundred sail of his subjects shipped at the fishing in Newfoundland. Cultural & Economic Interactions Between Native Americans & Europeans, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Richard Hakluyt's Reasons for Colonization, The Old World and New World: Why Europeans Sailed to the Americas, Great Explorers of Spain and Portugal: Aims & Discoveries, Mapping the World, Seaborne Commerce & Piracy, Conquistadors and Encomienda System: Definition & Savaging of the New World, North American Exploration & Failed Colonies of France & England, New France, New Netherlands & New Sweden: North American Settlements, The Mayflower and the Plymouth Rock Settlement, The Puritans and the Founding of the New England Colonies, The Southern Colonies: Settlement and Growth, The Middle Colonies: New York, Delaware, New Jersey & Pennsylvania, Rise of the Slave Trade: Black History in Colonial America, The 13 Colonies: Developing Economy & Overseas Trade, British Colonies in Africa: History & Map, Richard Hakluyt: Biography & Significance, The Industrial Revolution & Enlightenment, Praxis World & U.S. History - Content Knowledge (5941): Practice & Study Guide, GED Social Studies: Civics & Government, US History, Economics, Geography & World, CLEP History of the United States I - Early Colonization to 1877 Prep, High School US History Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, High School World History Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans, The Second Triumvirate: Members & Overview, The Role of Kashmir in India-Pakistan Relations, The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971: Origins, Events & Consequences, Peace Negotiations, Diplomacy & the Indo-Pakistan Conflict, The 1982 Lebanon War: Origins, Events & Outcomes, The Social & Economic Impact of the Yugoslav Wars, Displacement of Refugees in the Middle Eastern Conflicts, Comparing and Contrasting Early American Presidents: Essay Prompts, Analyzing Important Documents in American History: Essay Prompts, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Proselytizing Protestant faith to Native Americans, Gaining access to natural resources of North America, Creating an opportunity for impoverished English people to find work in the colonies, Creating a new market in the colonies for goods produced in England. April 8, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. Learn More. 2. Purchas procured some of Hakluyts manuscripts after his death and used them in Haklvytvs Posthumus; or, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes of 1625. His books encouraged those living in England to begin to prepare to settle in North America and found colonies that later become the basis for the future United States. Though Hakluyt neglected to mention its origin, the . IvyPanda. . Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. That the mischiefs that the Indian Treasure wrought in time of Charles the late Emperor father to the Spanish king, is to be had in consideracion of the Queens most excellent Majesty, least the continually coming of the like treasure from thence to his son, work the unrecoverable annoyance of this Realm, whereof already we have had very dangerous experience. Stafford at that time was the ambassador to Paris for Queen Elizabeth I of England. A brief collection of certain reasons to induce her Majestie and the state to take in hand the western voyage and the planting there. Richard Hakluyt Makes the Case for English Colonization, 1584 | The His interest in geography and travel had been aroused on a visit to the Middle Temple, one of the four English legal societies, while in his early teens. In 1584 he wrote the promotional piece known as Discourse of Western Planting to urge a reluctant Queen Elizabeth I to support English colonies and to convince rich businessmen to invest in them. That all other English trades are grown beggerly or dangerous, especially in all the king of Spain his Dominions, where our men are driven to fling their Bibles and prayer Books into the sea, and to forswear and renounce their religion and conscience and consequently their obedience to her Majestie. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. He died in 1557 when his son was aged about five years, and his wife Margery[1] followed soon after. As he writes in the Epistle Dedicatorie to The Principall Navigations, his cousin spoke to him of recent discoveries and of the new opportunities for trade and showed him certeine bookes of Cosmographie, with an universall Mappe. His imagination thus stirred, the schoolboy had thereupon resolved to prosecute that knowledge and kinde of literature at the university. IV of, This page was last edited on 30 March 2023, at 03:18. Among these Southern European sailors was Giovanni Cabot, known also as John Cabot, an Italian explorer who served the King of England. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. "[11] Entering Christ Church, Oxford,[12] in 1570 with financial support from the Skinners' Company,[10] "his exercises of duty first performed,"[11] he set out to read all the printed or written voyages and discoveries that he could find. The Discourse on the Western Planting | work by Hakluyt Richard Hakluyt, A Discourse Concerning Western Planting, Written in the Year 1584, Charles Deane, ed. discussed in biography In Richard Hakluyt a report, known briefly as Discourse of Western Planting (written in 1584), which set out very forcefully the political and economic benefits from such a colony and the necessity for state financial support of the project. Have you ever read travel books that made you want to explore a brand new place or even go to another planet? Both of his parents died when he was quite young, leaving Richard and his siblings in the care of an older cousin. Hakluyt's other works during his time in Paris consisted mainly of translations and compilations, with his own dedications and prefaces. Because of these connections, and his own expertise in overseas trade and economics, the man was well placed to assist young Richard in his life work. IV ("The Literature of the Sea") of vol. Hakluyt posits that religion plays a fundamental role in matters related to colonization since it ceases to be a peripheral concern. This will ensure the distribution of people, thereby reducing overpopulation and its subsequent effects. 232 lessons. . Hakluyt's cousin, also named Richard Hakluyt, of the Middle Temple, became his guardian. Hakluyt studied at Christ College at Oxford University on a Queen Scholarship. PDF Grade 5 United States History and Geography I. Standards Assessed [29], Hakluyt is principally remembered for his efforts in promoting and supporting the settlement of North America by the English through his writings. Hakluyt's Voyages brought him to the notice of Lord Howard of Effingham, and Sir Edward Stafford, Lord Howard's brother-in-law. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - ETTC. This was the time when English attention was fixed on finding the northeast and northwest passages to the Orient and on Francis Drakes circumnavigation of the world. How does Hakluyt depict indigenous peoples? Hakluyt's Benefits of Colonization. Hakluyt is a firm believer of colonization owing to the nationalistic, social, and economic benefits it might bring to England. As Spain took the lead in colonization, a great competition began between European powers. List his reasons for supporting colonization. Hakluyt's Promise - Google Books Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). This will also enable England to suppress her enemies, improve military force, take advantage of prevailing weaknesses in other economies, and optimally exploit resources. His objective was to recommend the enterprise of establishing English plantations in the unsettled [by Europeans] region of North America, and thus gain the Queen's support for Raleigh's expedition. He thus embarked upon his career as a publicist and a counsellor for present and future national enterprises across the ocean. His policy, constantly expounded, was the exploration of temperate North America in conjunction with the search for the Northwest Passage, the establishment of Englands claim to possession based on the discovery of North America by John and Sebastian Cabot, and the foundation of a plantation to foster national trade and national well-being. The glory of God by planting of religion among those infidels. Corrections? ), David Armitage (ed.) "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." That by these Colonies the Northwest passage to Cathay and China may easily quickly and perfectly be searched out as well by river and overland, as by sea, for proof whereof here are quoted and alleged diverse rare Testimonies out of the three volumes of voyages gathered by Ramusius and other grave authors. Indigenous people are also portrayed as laborers who are supposed to produce goods and act as fighters against enemies of England. (2021, April 8). I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Hakluyt also encouraged the production of geographical and historical writings by others. IvyPanda. "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." [10], Hakluyt was ordained in 1578, the same year he began to receive a "pension" from the Worshipful Company of Clothworkers to study divinity. Grotius also argued that the seas should be freely navigable by all, which was useful since the England to Virginia route crossed seas which the Portuguese claimed. The process transformed the diets, economies, and cultures of both continents. degree in 1577. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - ETTC "[14] Although this was his only visit to Continental Europe in his life, he was angered to hear the limitations of the English in terms of travel being discussed in Paris.[11]. In particular, he emphasizes that the economic challenges faced by Britain can be eliminated through colonial means. Hakluyts conception or misconception of indigenous people plays a key role in this text. Religious motivations can be traced all the way back to the Crusades, the series of religious wars between the 11th and 15th centuries during which European Christians sought to claim Jerusalem as an exclusively Christian space. Create your account. Overview of English Exploration | Encyclopedia.com [25] The translation may also have been part of the propaganda encouraging English people to settle in Virginia. Readers loved these accounts, and Hakluyt's work helped to promote interest in England's colonization, or settlement, of North America. In 1589 he published the first edition of his chief work, The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation, using eyewitness accounts as far as possible. When Hakluyt was only five his father passed away. gradually changed in the direction of large and widespread colonization. The year was 1591 or 1592. That this action will be greatly for the increase, maintenance and safety of our Navy, and especially of great shipping which is the strength of our Realm, and for the supportation of all those occupations that depend upon the same. That the limits of the king of Spains dominions in the West Indies be nothing so large as is generally imagined and surmised, neither those parts which he holdeth be of any such forces as is falsely given out by the popish Clergy and others his suitors, to terrify the Princes of the Religion and to abuse and blind them. Primary Source: Richard Hakluyt Makes the Case for English Colonization We will write a custom Essay on English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View specifically for you. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. George Bruner Parks has theorized that publication at that time would have been inconvenient to England because after England had successfully helped Holland and Spain to negotiate the Twelve Years' Truce during the Eighty Years' War, the work would have supported English claims for free seas against Spain, but not its claims for closed seas against Holland. Hakluyt was not blind to the profits arising from foreign trade. During this time, Hakluyt became increasingly convinced that England should lay claim to the territories in North America as quickly as possible, and gained support for his plan from influential men such as Francis Walsingham and Robert Cecil. His knowledge kept England abreast of events and journeys being undertaken by other foreign powers. In addition, read about his work on Atlantic voyages and discovery. Need a custom Essay sample written from scratch by Discourse of Western Planting | Encyclopedia.com But far from it: in 1584 Hakluyt prepared a 'Discourse on Western . Hakluyt the Elder was a supporter of English participation in the exploration of America. For instance, the English people think that their worst enemy is Spain. In the preface to this he announced the intended publication of the first terrestrial globe made in England by Emery Molyneux. What does the evidence from the text suggest about Hakluyts conception of race? c. 1552-1616. Sometimes reading about a foreign lands makes us yearn to know more about it. It was at Hakluyt's suggestion that Robert Parke translated Juan Gonzlez de Mendoza's The History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China and the Situation Thereof (15881590),[30] John Pory made his version of Leo Africanus's A Geographical Historie of Africa (1600),[31] and P. Erondelle translated Marc Lescarbot's Nova Francia (1609). Of chief concern would be for ''the . They'd also need to provide for the numerous unemployed who filled the streets of cities such as London. Shortly before its completion, he was granted by the queen the next vacant prebend at Westminster so that he might be at hand to advise on colonial affairs. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. In essence, he argues that both the economic and social ambitions of England can be pursued via religious strategies. History Unit 2 Assignment 5-Richard Hakluyt "A Discousre to - Quizlet IV ("The Literature of the Sea") of vol. The outbreak of war with Spain put an end to the effectiveness of overseas propaganda and the opportunity for further exploration, so he began work on a project that he had had in mind for some time. England was in an economic depression and was nervous about the growing power of Spain obtaining vast amounts of wealth from their spoils of the New World. Firstly, his geographical studies were useful to merchants and explorers as guides to America. Proponent for colonization in the Americas- tried to lobby Queen Elizabeth to support colonization. His attitude towards the enemies of England clearly brings out pervasive anti-Spanish sentiments that have been embraced by England to formulate national identity and create a transatlantic empire. Hakluyts reflects on the importance of planting seeds of faith in the hearts of American natives as a means of colonizing them. A particular discourse concerning the great necessity and manifold commodities that are like to grow to this Realm of England by the Western discoveries lately attempted, Written In the year 1584 by Richard Hakluyt of Oxford at the request and direction of the right worshipful Mr. Walter Raleigh now Knight, before the coming home of his Two Barks: and is divided into xxi chapters, the Titles whereof follow in the next leaf. Hakluyt understood that in order for England to be successful and remain powerful, they would need to find new markets in which to trade goods. His interests in languages and geography encouraged him to write books on travel where he drew inspiration from the logbooks, documents and oral histories of travelers from around the world. Richard Hakluyt, A Discourse Concerning Western Planting, Written in the Year 1584, Charles Deane, ed. IvyPanda. While he did not have the opportunity to travel around the world, he was able to live in France for five years as the chaplain to Sir Edward Stafford. IvyPanda. In Hakluyt's argument for colonization, religious considerations are entwined with political and economic ones. This, the prose epic of the English nation, is more than a documentary history of exploration and adventure; with tales of daring it mingles historical, diplomatic, and economic papers to establish English right to sovereignty at sea and to a place in overseas settlement. He became acquainted with the most important sea captains and merchants of England and . A prominent English attorney and his younger cousin, both named Richard Hakluyt, urged the English government to begin settlements in lands claimed nearly a century earlier by John and Sebastian Cabot who explored North America for King Henry VII of England. Hakluyt also saw a future for England in the creation of rich towns, and believed that travel across the ocean would come easily with speedy communication between England and her colonies. 808 certified writers online. 4. When Richard Hakluyt was forty years old, he sat one day in his study in London with a walrus tusk in his hands. But the queen's advisors pointed out . Hakluyt's first publication[13] was one that he wrote himself, Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America and the Ilands Adjacent unto the Same, Made First of all by our Englishmen and Afterwards by the Frenchmen and Britons (1582). [16] The attention that the book excited in Paris encouraged Hakluyt to prepare an English translation and publish it in London under the title A Notable Historie Containing Foure Voyages Made by Certayne French Captaynes unto Florida (1587). That by these Colonies the Northwest passage to Cathay and China may easily quickly and perfectly be searched out as well by river and overland, as by sea, for proof whereof here are quoted and alleged diverse rare Testimonies out of the three volumes of voyages gathered by Ramusius and other grave authors. It is evident that religion can be used to colonize the native people by championing the ideals of peace and God while exploiting resources at the same time. Hakluyt's friend Alexander Woodson had sent the foot-and-half-long tusk to Hakluyt from his home in Bristol, about one hundred miles west of London. A Briefe declaration of the chief Islands in the Bay of Mexico being under the king of Spain, with their havens and forts, and what commodities they yeide. Around that time he became a minister. [10] In May 1585 when Hakluyt was in Paris with the English Embassy, the Queen granted to him the next prebendary at Bristol Cathedral that should become vacant,[5][15] to which he was admitted in 1585 or 1586 and held with other preferments till his death. Hakluyt revisited England in 1584, and laid a copy of the Discourse before Elizabeth I (to whom it had been dedicated) together with his analysis in Latin of Aristotle's Politicks. Richard Hakluyt's Inducements to the Liking of the Voyage Intended towards Virginia, 1585"> the "excellent and fertile soile" on both sides of north america 's "greate and deep" natural waterways promised "all things that the life of man doth require," and whatever settlers wanted to plant they could expect to harvest in abundance sufficient to "trafficke in." Richard Hakluyt Richard Hakluyt was born in England in the mid-sixteenth century (1552-1616). English author, editor and translator (15531616), It has been suggested that the Hakluyts were originally, "Richard Hakluyt", 13 in pt. An ordained priest, Hakluyt held important positions at Bristol Cathedral and Westminster Abbey and was personal chaplain to Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, principal Secretary of State to Elizabeth I and James I. To begin with, the interest of Britain to colonize the Western Hemisphere is a major national goal. A note of some things to be prepared for the voyage which is set down rather to draw the takers of the voyage in hande to the present consideration then for any other reason for that diverse things require preparation long before the voyage, without which the voyage is maimed. That the passage in this voyage is easy and short, that it cutteth not near the trade of any other mighty Princes, nor near their Countries, that it is to be performed at all tymes of the year, and needeth but one kind of wind, that Ireland being full of good heavens on the south and west sides, is the nearest part of Europe to it, which by this trade shall be in more security, and the sooner drawn to more Civility. A brief collection of certain reasons to induce her Majestie and the state to take in hand the western voyage and the planting there. Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London, Eng. The latter term encompasses paganism, Judaism, and Islam. Richard Hakluyt lived at the time when the first phase of the Age of Discovery, during which mainly Southern Europeans attempted to discover a new route from Europe to Asia, was coming to an end and the era of Northern European exploration began. His utilitarian attitude and indifference against the Spanish population clearly depicts the rivalry and points out how England would gain a lot from their defeat. In that year, Hakluyt was a consultant to the Company when it was renewing its charter. DuBois on Black Progress (1895, 1903), Jane Addams, The Subjective Necessity for Social Settlements (1892), Eugene Debs, How I Became a Socialist (April, 1902), Walter Rauschenbusch, Christianity and the Social Crisis (1907), Alice Stone Blackwell, Answering Objections to Womens Suffrage (1917), Theodore Roosevelt on The New Nationalism (1910), Woodrow Wilson Requests War (April 2, 1917), Emma Goldman on Patriotism (July 9, 1917), W.E.B DuBois, Returning Soldiers (May, 1919), Lutiant Van Wert describes the 1918 Flu Pandemic (1918), Manuel Quezon calls for Filipino Independence (1919), Warren G. Harding and the Return to Normalcy (1920), Crystal Eastman, Now We Can Begin (1920), Marcus Garvey, Explanation of the Objects of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (1921), Hiram Evans on the The Klans Fight for Americanism (1926), Herbert Hoover, Principles and Ideals of the United States Government (1928), Ellen Welles Page, A Flappers Appeal to Parents (1922), Huey P. Long, Every Man a King and Share our Wealth (1934), Franklin Roosevelts Re-Nomination Acceptance Speech (1936), Second Inaugural Address of Franklin D. Roosevelt (1937), Lester Hunter, Id Rather Not Be on Relief (1938), Bertha McCall on Americas Moving People (1940), Dorothy West, Amateur Night in Harlem (1938), Charles A. 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Miller Gives the Putrid Facts About Homosexuality (1950), Rosa Parks on Life in Montgomery, Alabama (1956-1958), Barry Goldwater, Republican Nomination Acceptance Speech (1964), Lyndon Johnson on Voting Rights and the American Promise (1965), Lyndon Johnson, Howard University Commencement Address (1965), National Organization for Women, Statement of Purpose (1966), George M. Garcia, Vietnam Veteran, Oral Interview (1969/2012), Fannie Lou Hamer: Testimony at the Democratic National Convention 1964, Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (1968), Statement by John Kerry of Vietnam Veterans Against the War (1971), Barbara Jordan, 1976 Democratic National Convention Keynote Address (1976), Jimmy Carter, Crisis of Confidence (1979), Gloria Steinem on Equal Rights for Women (1970), First Inaugural Address of Ronald Reagan (1981), Jerry Falwell on the Homosexual Revolution (1981), Statements from The Parents Music Resource Center (1985), Phyllis Schlafly on Womens Responsibility for Sexual Harassment (1981), Jesse Jackson on the Rainbow Coalition (1984), Bill Clinton on Free Trade and Financial Deregulation (1993-2000), The 9/11 Commission Report, Reflecting On A Generational Challenge (2004), George W. Bush on the Post-9/11 World (2002), Pedro Lopez on His Mothers Deportation (2008/2015), Chelsea Manning Petitions for a Pardon (2013), Emily Doe (Chanel Miller), Victim Impact Statement (2015). Furthermore, fur, already exploited by the French, was another good reason for England to colonize. Money needed to come from private investment. The same year, his edition of Peter Martyr d'Anghiera's De Orbe Nouo Decades Octo saw the light at Paris. Cabot voyages at the end of the 15th-century mark, the beginning of the English crown's interest in overseas discoveries. All rights reserved. student. The enterprise developed slowly with minor voyages for exploration first, but a colony was finally established at Roanoke Island, in Virginia, in 1587, which would become the famous 'Lost Colony' in American history. 2.8: Primary Sources - Humanities LibreTexts Hakluyt interested himself in the publication of the manuscript journal of Ren Goulaine de Laudonnire, L'histoire notable de la Floride situe s Indes Occidentales in Paris in 1586. Gerhard Mercator (1512-1594), a Belgian cartographer (mapmaker), created a more accurate map that was especially useful for ocean navigators. Richard Hakluyt was not an explorer nor a colonizer. Hakluyt's Promise: An Elizabethan's Obsession for an English - JSTOR The Discourse, a secret report, was not printed until 1877. "Richard Hakluyt contributed more to English letters, and has had more effect on English writing, than any other man who ever lived, with the possible exception of Shakespeare." Richard Hakluyt, frequently referred to as Richard Hakluyt the Younger to differentiate him from his older cousin who was also named Richard Hakluyt, was a 16th-century English geographer and minister. Richard Hakluyt Biography and Significance - Study.com Between 1598 and 1600 appeared the final, reconstructed and greatly enlarged edition of The Principal Navigations, Voiages, Traffiques and Discoueries of the English Nation in three volumes. [10][19] In the following year, he was elected archdeacon of the Abbey. Some time before 1580 he took holy orders, and, though he never shirked his religious duties, he spent considerable time reading whatever accounts he could find about contemporary voyages and discoveries. both the olde imperfectly composed, and the new lately reformed Mappes, Globes, Spheares, and other instruments of this Art for demonstration in the common schooles.

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