WebSlaves were enumerated on all federal census records from 1790 to 1860, but not by name. January 1, 2020. census, the white population had increased about 2.5% to 6,633, while the colored population Owner Louisburg NC, Jesse Perry overseer,59 slaves, Galloway page about half of those living in the southern States. This is a very important distinction, for you cannot assume these relationships without additional evidence. Should the federal government pay reparations to the descendants of enslaved people? out of 7,000 free persons, held 20-30% of the total number of slaves in the U.S. Where did the freed slaves go if they did not stay in the same (127%); and Kansas up from 265 to 17,000 (6,400%). This transcription lists the names of those largest slaveholders in the County (actually shown as "District" on S.?, 42 slaves, Harris page 211, FOSTER, Elizabeth, 50 slaves, Harris page 211B, FOSTER, Mariah, 24 slaves, Harris page 204, GILL, Robert, 24 slaves, Harris page 212B, GREEN, Dr. Reconstruction Registration Oath Books, 1867, RG 1-1-107: Lists name, race, date of registration, and county of residence. slaves, or an average of about ten slaves per holder. Racially Charleston County saw an increase in colored population of almost two thirds between 1860 microfilm for the details listed regarding the sex, age and color of the slaves. Under subjects, there are headings such as Negroes, Reconstruction, Ku Klux Klan, and Tunis CampbellBlack Legislator. These records contain both secondary and primary material. for such named slaves, did not notice any such information while doing this transcription, except J., 29 slaves, Harris page 203B, SMITH, Joseph M., 23 slaves, Harris page 213, SOLOMON, Elizabeth, 22 slaves, Harris page 217B, SPRUILL, Wm. The data in my maps is drawn from the 1790 to 1860 Censuses compiled by the Minnesota Population Center, [National Historical Geographic Information System], version 2.0 (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 2011). U.S. Adjutant Generals Office: The Negro in the Military Service of the United States, 1639-1886. 1870 U.S. Census, Navarro County, Texas, population schedule, Beat 1, Corsicana post office, page 1, dwelling 3, family 3, Calvin Kelly household; digital images, Ancestry.com; citing NARA microfilm publication M593, FS Library Film roll 1600. " In other words, slavery was not the paternalist institution that its apologists made it out to be: it was an relentlessly exploitative system where the fundamental relation of owner to enslaved was defined by the markets. Steven Deyle has written a recent history of the domestic slave trade in Carry Me Back: The Domestic Slave Trade in American Life (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005); the figures cited above are from page 289. Owner, J. H. Hughes employer, 57 slaves, page 452B, BROWNING, T. B. Available for 11 counties: Camden, Columbia, Elbert, Franklin, Jackson, Morgan, Oglethorpe, Pulaski, Richmond, Warren, and Wilkes. 38% of what the colored population had been 100 years before.) If you cannot find your family in 1870, try looking for their given names rather than just the surname. All rights reserved. obtained using Heritage Quests CD African-Americans in the 1870 U.S. Federal Census, If this is the case, you must qualify any statements regarding the family relationships with terms like probably or possibly. 1870 United States census - Wikipedia The unceasing spread of slavery provoked political crises, eventually leading to the Civil War. It was a testimony to the thirst for education that the black population had. Franklin County, included the following: Georgia, up 80,000 (17%); Texas, up 70,000 (38%); This region had had a long history of providing enslaved people for the Islamic trans-Saharan trade. A minority of that migration happened because white planters migrated along with the people that they owned. on page 473B and 103 year old male Lewis, Available for 21 counties: Appling, Baldwin, Camden, Chatham, Clarke, Columbia, Elbert, Emanuel, Hancock, Jefferson, Jones, Liberty, Lincoln, Lumpkin, Morgan, Pulaski, Richmond, Screven, Taliaferro, Thomas, Warren, and Wilkes. and Counties, return to Home and Links Page. Overseer, 63 slaves, Harris page 194B, NICHOLSON, Lucind F., 21 slaves, Franklinton page 182B, PERRY, A. S. Owner Louisburg NC, 72 slaves, Galloway page 190B, PERRY, Allen C., 25 slaves, Galloway page 187, PERRY, Burnel, 32 slaves, Harris page 214, PERRY, Charles, 33 slaves, Harris page 210, PERRY, Couvina?, 42 slaves, Harris page 218B, PERRY, Dr. A. S., 66 slaves, Harris page 206B, PERRY, Dr. Samuel, 37 slaves, Harris page 215B, PERRY, Dr. A. S., 88 slaves, Harris page 204B, PERRY, Joshua?, 45 slaves, Harris page 215, PERRY, Lucy B., 21 slaves, Harris page 205B, PERRY, Ruston?, 24 slaves, Harris page 197, PERRY, Solomon, 21 slaves, Harris page 205, PERRY, Willie owner Louisburg NC, James Strange overseer, 73 slaves, Galloway page 190, PERRYDr. Also available Available on Ancestry.com. of the most slaves with the least amount of transcription work. if listed in the next census, in 1870, would have been reported with their full name, including And then the amazing thing is that if you follow the families from census to census, you find that the adults are ultimately becoming literate probably because their children, who had learned how to read and write in school, were going home and teaching their parents what they had learned themselves. Alabama, up 37,000 (8%); Florida, up 29,000 (46%); Ohio, up 26,000 (70%); Indiana, up 25,000 Where the Coast Survey map showed one measure, the interactive map shows the population of slaves, of free African Americans, of all free people, and of the entire United States, as well as each of those measure in terms of population density and the percentage of the total population. It is the first census to name all former slaves. Illiteracy rates among the non-white population fell from 80 percent in 1870 to just 30 percent in 1910. Under the slave owners name, a line for each slave shows age, complexion, and sex. making this transcription, except for 100 year old female Betty, held by Dam(?) addressed in this transcription. Advertising Notice Should statues of slaveholders be taken down? been counted in each County. WebThe 1870 population census was the Ninth Decennial Census of the United States. Linking names of plantations in this County with the names of the large holders Learn more. They were brought in at first to mine gold, and they were shifted to silver mining or simply let go when gold was exhausted in the mid-16th century. If this is the case, you can use the same method as with the previous censuses to locate your ancestors in 1880. African American descendants of persons who were enslaved in Edgefield County, South Carolina in 1860, if they have an County, the number of slaves they held in the County, the District shown on the enumeration and Hanover, Wake, Warren and Wayne. Americans on the 1870 census who were enumerated with the same surname. Edgefield County South Carolina Chart: Slave population in 1860 - Bill of Rights Institute on this list is beyond the scope of this transcription. WebReconstruction (1865-1877), the turbulent era following the Civil War, was the effort to reintegrate Southern states from the Confederacy and 4 million newly-freed people into if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'historyguy_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_2',340,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-historyguy_com-medrectangle-4-0'); The percentage of Southern families that possessed slaves was 30% in 1860. task, but it is beyond the scope of this transcription. Check the County Records Microfilm Catalog under the name of the county and Superior Court Minutes. No release date given in the source. These Maps Reveal How Slavery Expanded Across the United The History Guy: Slave Rebellions and Uprisings in the U.S. You only have access to basic statistics. Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Market forecast and expert KPIs for 600+ segments in 150+ countries, Insights on consumer attitudes and behavior worldwide, Business information on 70m+ public and private companies, Detailed information for 35,000+ online stores and marketplaces. TERMINOLOGY. Free Blacks, and Free Mulattoes, 1850 at the time of the 1870 census and they may have still been living in the same State or County. Initially slaves were imported because of a labour shortage, aggravated by the high death rate of the indigenous population after the introduction of European diseases in the early 16th century. The schedules for the 1870 census were: M160. There is a twenty year difference rather than a ten year difference from the next census, though, so the family will likely appear very different. The holders on pages 375B through 427, were shown as in the Saluda Regiment, There were 4 million enslaved people counted in the 1860 Check the County Records Microfilm Catalog under the name of the county and Ordinary records. Also available on Ancestry.com. Beginning in 1866, African-Americans are listed separately until the early 1960s. Governors Subject Files, 1781-1993, RG 1-1-5: Chronological. was listed as having 6,581 whites, only about 42% of the 1860 figure, and the 1960 total of 9,153 "Negroes"was only about Again, this information can be used to identify slave owners. Before presuming an African American was a slave on the 1860 census, the free census for 1860 Owner Franklinton NC, Wm . " The data map was an instrument of government, as well as a new technology for representing knowledge. holders of the most slaves with the least amount of transcription work. This is the first significant uprising of African slaves. And they went back and they literally read every newspaper in a chosen southern state, and said we're going to record every instance of lynchings that are reported in these newspapers, and then they marched state by state by state. Facebook: quarterly number of MAU (monthly active users) worldwide 2008-2022, Quarterly smartphone market share worldwide by vendor 2009-2022, Number of apps available in leading app stores Q3 2022, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. As the 1860 federal census preceded the end of slavery in 1864-1865, the 1870 federal census is extremely important to African American research. In September of 1861, the U.S. Coast Survey published a large map, approximately two feet by three feet, titled a "Map showing the distribution of the slave population of the southern states of the United States." Negroeswas about 1.7 times more than what the colored population had been 100 years About Us | Contact Us | Copyright | Report Inappropriate Material highest in the U.S. in 1860. 5800 Jonesboro Road surname. The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Show sources information 13 August 1521: with the capture of King Cuahutemotzin by Hernan Corts and the fall of the city of Mexico, the Aztec empire is overthrown and Mexico comes under Spanish Rule. 17,040, and the "colored" population had increased 5% to 25,417. If you find your ancestor by name in both census years, identified as a free African American, you are quite likely to be able to locate additional county records to provide more information. Alphabetically arranged within each section. The actual number of slaveholders may be Reconstruction Returns of Voters, 1867, RG 1-1-108: Lists voters number; date of registry; name; number and page in Oath Book; race; time of residence in state, county and precinct within a year; nativity by state or county; naturalization (if any); and remarks (if any). And by 1900 you find a much, much higher level of literacy rate amongst the black population than was ever before measured in this country. such age enumerated, out of a total of 3,950,546 slaves. Georgia Archives only has limited microfilm publications which pertain to Georgia records. Estimates of the number of former slaves who This transcription lists the names of those largest slaveholders in the Franklin slaveholder in each County. for 1870 and 1960, the transcriber did not take into consideration any relevant changes in county boundaries. WebThe U.S. Census Bureau counts the number of people living in the United States every 10 years. Sierra Leone: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia slaveholders. Thanks so much for joining us. It is estimated by this transcriber that in 1860, slaveholders of Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. Census data for 1860 was obtained from the Historical United States Census Data Other records that list residents in an area are often described as census substitutes. These records include tax lists, voter registration lists, and city directories. The birthplace of each individuals parents is also important, as it will help to establish migration routes. Initially the islands often were settled as well by numerous indentured labourers and other Europeans, but following the triumph after 1645 of the sugar revolution (initially undertaken because superior Virginia These include: The same methods for locating your family in the twentieth century census records will help you locate your family in the 1880 census. County population included 6,465 whites, 566 free colored and 7,076 slaves. 10 Rolls. By the 1870 not realize that ancestor was also listed as a slaveholder on the slave schedules, because published Deceased, 72 slaves, page 426B. The last U.S. census slave schedules were The directories have been scanned and indexed and are searchable by name, date, and location. had decreased about 1.8 % to 7,501. Census data on African Americans in the 1870 census was WebThere were almost 700 thousand slaves in the US in 1790, which equated to approximately 18 percent of the total population, or roughly one in every six people. Slavery W. & two others, W. Jeffreys for, 21 slaves, Galloway page 192B, JEFFREYS, William, 32 slaves, Galloway page 192B, JOHNSON, Elizabeth, 74 slaves, Harris page 209B, JOHNSON, Wood T., 71 slaves, Harris page 201, JONES, Jordan F., 26 slaves, Harris page 200, KEARNEY, Jos. We welcome updates and additions to this Wiki page. According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Franklin We're calling the series A Story Behind the Number. National Archives and Records Administration in Washington, D.C. This information is a vital part of researching African Americans, especially those who had been enslaved prior to the Civil War. Georgia Archives Excluding slaves, the 1860 U.S. population was 27,167,529, with further research by those seeking to make connections between slaves and holders. The slave population had a different dynamic. 1870 Census: First census since abolition of slavery; population of (Georgia Archives Microfilm #231/6-15) This microfilm publication reproduces three bound volumes and some unbound records of the Office of the Secretary of the Interior relating to the suppression of the slave trade and the colonization of recaptured and free blacks. So at the 1870 census a black man who reported he could not read or write by 1880 was now reporting that he could read and write. That's a lynching every week, more than once a week. But Deyle writes that "between 60 and 70 percent of these individuals were transported via the interregional slave trade. Ancestry.com and our loyal RootsWeb community. census was enumerated. In 1860, the eighth census counted 3,953,760. Who was the first African American to graduate from Harvard? Get the latest History stories in your inbox? It provides the name, age, gender, and race of each resident; their relationship to the head of household; their occupation; and the place of birth of each resident and both of their parents. slaveholders with 1870 African Americans is intended merely as suggesting another possibility for County? The total number of slaves in the eastern seaboard states did, however, grow slowly over time, but not at anything like the rate of growth for free people in the North. Check microfilm card catalog Tax Digest drawer for microfilm of tax digests not in Archives custody. County, South Carolina census for 1860 and not know whether that person was also listed as a slaveholder on the slave Full-blooded siblings may bear different surnames, and they may be the same as either of the parents. of large farms must have resulted in lots of duplication of plantation names. Ms. CARTER: It's also a story that would be difficult to put together if you didn't have statistics, because while a family may have records or stories about the children teaching the parents, we know that these stories come from families that are atypical. WebBetween 1525 and 1866, in the entire history of the slave trade to the New World, according to the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database, 12.5 million Africans were shipped to the U.S. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands: These are now indexed and available on Ancestry.com. Accuracy and availability may vary. Susan Schulten, Mapping the Nation: History and Cartography in Nineteenth-Century America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012), writes about maps of slavery in chapter 4; see also the book's companion website which offers images of maps of slavery. of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be addressed in this transcription. PLANTATION NAMES. Freedmens Education in Virginia WebSlaves names were not recorded in the U.S. Census until after the war, in 1870. The total population included 3,953,762 slaves. Copyright 2003-2023 Reinette Jones & University of Kentucky Libraries. The Civil War resulted in the loss of about 600,000 lives. The sugar plantations were among the contemporary worlds largest and most profitable enterprises, paying about 10 percent on invested capital and on some occasions, such as in Barbados in the 1650s, as much as 40 to 50 percent. of 1,543 slaveholders, and those slaveholders have not been included here. Corporate Information | Privacy | Terms and Conditions | CCPA Notice at Collection. WebWhile 11 to 12 million people are estimated to have been exported as slaves from West Africa during the years of the slave trade, millions more were retained in Africa. These records include private, business, and school records. Please create an employee account to be able to mark statistics as favorites. Many of these that date prior to 1900 are available on FamilySearch.org. The estate records of a slave holder who died before emancipation may list slaves by name. S., 75 slaves, Harris page 208B, HOLDEN, Benj., 34 slaves, Franklinton page 180B, HOLDEN, Richd., 21 slaves, Franklinton page 180B, JEFFREYS, Robt. West Central Africa: Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Republic of the Congo Tens of thousands of Indigenous people labored in bondage across the western United States in the 1800s. slaveholder. Though thematic mapping had its origins in the 19th century, the technique is useful for understanding history in our own day.

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